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Treatment Settings
Outpatient Care
Outpatient drug-free programs use a wide range of approaches
including problem-solving groups, specialized therapies such as insight-oriented
psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and 12-step programs.
As with long-term residential treatment programs, patients may stay
in these programs for several months or longer.
Outpatient drug-free programs vary in the types and
intensity of services offered. Low-intensity programs may offer little
more than drug education and counsel. Other outpatient models, such
as intensive day treatment, can be comparable to residential programs
in services and effectiveness, depending on the individual patient's
characteristics and needs.
Inpatient Short-Term
Short-term inpatient programs keep patients up to 30
days. Most of these programs focus on medical stabilization, abstinence,
and lifestyle changes. Staff members are primarily medical professionals
and trained counselors.
Short-Term Residential Programs provide intensive but
relatively brief residential treatment based on a modified 12-step
approach. Once primarily for alcohol abuse treatment, these programs
expanded into drug abuse treatment in the 1980s. Reduced health care
coverage for substance abuse treatment has resulted in a diminished
number of these programs, and the average length of stay under managed
care review is much shorter than in early programs, averaging 7-14
days.
Inpatient Long-Term
Long-term residential programs offer around-the-clock,
drug-free treatment in a residential community of counselors and
fellow recovering addicts. Patients generally stay in these programs
several months or up to a year or more.
Long-Term residential programs provide care 24 hours
per day, generally in non-clinical settings. The best-known residential
treatment model is the therapeutic community (TC), but residential
treatment may also employ other models, such as the Social
Education Model.
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